Apache Tomcat Tutorial
Welcome to Apache Tomcat Tutorial. Learn to use Apache Tomcat as a JSP container, HTTP Web Server, etc., and understand configuration for security and scalability with examples.
Go to the tomcat installation path. Create a folder called ssl. Execute command to create a keystore. Keytool -genkey -alias domainname -keyalg RSA -keysize 2048 -keystore filename.jks. There is two variable in above commands which you may want to change. Improving Apache Tomcat Security - A Step By Step Guide Apache Tomcat boasts an impressive track record when it comes to security. According to the official Apache Tomcat Wiki Pages, there has never been a reported case of actual damage or significant data loss due to a malicious attack on any Apache Tomcat instance. Most vulnerabilities, both major and minor, are discovered by the Tomcat. Tomcat is a java application, and when it runs on a Windows platform, what really runs as a Windows process is the JVM, which in turn executes the bytecode of the compiled Tomcat application. Because the JVM has to run on many different platforms, it cannot be too specific for each platform. Apache Tomcat installs several Java Enterprise Edition specs including Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java EL, and WebSocket. It provides for a 'pure Java' HTTP web server environment in which Java code can run. Tomcat 9 is the latest version of Apache's Tomcat service and can easily be installed on Windows to serve as a convenient way to run Java. Apache Tomcat is a mandatory component required to run the ESMC Web Console. Important If a custom version of Apache Tomcat is installed (manual installation of the Tomcat service), the subsequent ESMC Web Console upgrade via the All-in-one installer or via Components Upgrade Task is not supported.
Latest version available is Apache Tomcat 8.5.X.
Apache Tomcat Tutorial – Index
- Managing Tomcat
- Deploying Web Applications with Apache Tomcat
Introduction to Apache Tomcat
The Apache Tomcat software is an open source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and Java WebSocket technologies.
Apache Tomcat is usually used as a Servlet Container even though Tomcat has a fully functional HTTP Server to serve static content. In most of production, Tomcat is used in conjunction with Apache HTTP Server where Apache HTTP Server attends static content like html, images etc., and forwards the requests for dynamic content to Tomcat. This is because Apache HTTP Server supports more advanced options than that of Tomcat.
Hollywood songbook. The Hollywood Songbook. Claire Martin, Rob Barron (Piano), Jeremy Brown (Bass) Chair: Compered by Rob Rinder. Kings Place, Hall 1. Listen to Eisler: The Hollywood Songbook by Matthias Goerne & Eric Schneider on Apple Music. Stream songs including 'The Hollywood Songbook (1943): Wenn sie nachts lag und dachte (Der Sohn I)', 'The Hollywood Songbook (1943): Mein junger Sohn fragt mich (Der Sohn II)' and more.
Latest Apache Tomcat version 8.5 adds support for HTTP/2, OpenSSL for JSSE, TLS virtual hosting and JASPIC 1.1
Components and Features of Apache Tomcat
Apache Tomcat has following components and features to manage web applications.
- Catalina
- Coyote
- Jasper
- Cluster
- High Availability
- Web Application
Jasper 2
Jasper is the JSP Engine for Tomcat. Jasper is responsible for parsing JSP files and compilation of JSP's Java code as servlets.
Jasper is capable of background compilation, which means if any changes are made to JSP files, then the older versions of those JSP files are still retained by the server, until the updated JSP files are recompiled.
Catalina
Catalina is Tomcat's servlet container. Catalina makes Tomcat a Web Server for dynamic content.
Coyote
Coyote is the component that makes Tomcat capable as a HTTP Web Server. Coyote makes Catalina also act as a server that serves static content.
Installing Apache Tomcat on Ubuntu
To install Tomcat on Ubuntu, you could use command line interface and run the following command :
If you would like to install tomcat7 for some project related reasons, use tomcat7 instead of tomcat8 in the command.
Following are the useful locations that we may need in furthur steps :
- /etc/tomcat{X} for configuration
- /usr/share/tomcat{X} for runtime, called CATALINA_HOME
- /usr/share/tomcat{X}-root for webapps
You could check if the Tomcat server is running, by opening a browser and hitting the url http://localhost:8080/. Something similar to the following would be responded back with.
Start Apache Tomcat
Once you install Tomcat, it is started automatically.
In case if you have stopped it manually, and would like to start Apache Tomcat again, open a terminal and run the following command.
Restart Apache Tomcat
There could be scenarios, like you have updated your web-application, where you may need to restart Apache Tomcat for the server to pickup the changes.
To restart Apache Tomcat, Open a Terminal and run the following command.
Stop Apache Tomcat
To stop Apache Tomcat, Open a Terminal run the following command.
If you have installed tomat7, use tomcat7 instead of tomcat8 in the above command.
Deploying Static Web-Applications with Apache Tomcat
In the following sections, we shall learn to deploy static and web applications in tomcat.
Deploying Static Web-Applications with Apache Tomcat
To deploy static web application with Tomcat, all you need to do is copy your project folder to tomcat web-apps directory.
For Linux :
Now restart Tomcat for the changes to take effect.
Open a broswer, and hit the url, http://localhost:8080/StaticWebProject.
Deploying Dynamic Web-Applications with Apache Tomcat
.war is the format of the web application that Apache Tomcat Server could deploy. If you are building a web application using an IDE like Eclipse, you could export the application as a WAR file.
Conclusion
With these series of tutorials, we have learnt how to configure and work with Apache Tomcat.
Apache Tomcat (formerly known as Jakarta Tomcat) is an open-source web server developed by Apache to provide a Java HTTP server that allows you to easily run Java files.
Cisco IOS images for Dynamips GNS3 offers multiple ways to emulate IOS. For older images, we use and maintain Dynamips; an emulator dedicated to emulate some Cisco hardware. Dynamips can run unmodified IOS images. Download cisco ios images free. Download the IOS.bin image from Internet. To use a specific Cisco IOS image, firstly you should. Add Cisco IOS on GNS3 The first thing to do after installing the GNS3 network simulator program is to add a Cisco Router or Switch IOS image. If you don't have IOS images, you can download the related files from here. How to Add Cisco Router on GNS3?
This means that Tomcat is not a normal server similar to Apache or Nginx since its main purpose is to provide a good web environment for running Java applications that other web servers do not.
Apache Tomcat 9
Recently On February 2, 2021, Apache Tomcat reached version 10 (version 10.0.2), which is the first stable version of the 10.x.0 series.
There are a number of notable changes in version 10 of Apache Tomcat.
In this article, we will install Apache Tomcat 9 on RHEL / CentOS 7.0 / 6.x.
Steps To Install Apache Tomcat 10 On CentOS
- Java 8 installation and settings
- Install Apache Tomcat 10
- Apache Tomcat 10 settings
- Change Apache Tomcat port
Step 1: Java 8 installation and settings
Before you start installing Tomcat, be sure to install JAVA on your Linux to run Tomcat. Otherwise, install the latest version of Java 9 using yum command.
As soon as java is installed, you can check the version with the following command on your system.
java -version
Output sample:
Step 2: Install Apache Tomcat 9
After installing java on your system, it's time to download the latest version of Apache Tomcat (version 9.0.14), which is the latest stable version now. If you want to know the newer versions, it is recommended that you check the Apache download page.
Now download the latest version of Apache Tomcat 9 using the wget command and install it as below.
Introduction to Apache Tomcat
The Apache Tomcat software is an open source implementation of the Java Servlet, JavaServer Pages, Java Expression Language and Java WebSocket technologies.
Apache Tomcat is usually used as a Servlet Container even though Tomcat has a fully functional HTTP Server to serve static content. In most of production, Tomcat is used in conjunction with Apache HTTP Server where Apache HTTP Server attends static content like html, images etc., and forwards the requests for dynamic content to Tomcat. This is because Apache HTTP Server supports more advanced options than that of Tomcat.
Hollywood songbook. The Hollywood Songbook. Claire Martin, Rob Barron (Piano), Jeremy Brown (Bass) Chair: Compered by Rob Rinder. Kings Place, Hall 1. Listen to Eisler: The Hollywood Songbook by Matthias Goerne & Eric Schneider on Apple Music. Stream songs including 'The Hollywood Songbook (1943): Wenn sie nachts lag und dachte (Der Sohn I)', 'The Hollywood Songbook (1943): Mein junger Sohn fragt mich (Der Sohn II)' and more.
Latest Apache Tomcat version 8.5 adds support for HTTP/2, OpenSSL for JSSE, TLS virtual hosting and JASPIC 1.1
Components and Features of Apache Tomcat
Apache Tomcat has following components and features to manage web applications.
- Catalina
- Coyote
- Jasper
- Cluster
- High Availability
- Web Application
Jasper 2
Jasper is the JSP Engine for Tomcat. Jasper is responsible for parsing JSP files and compilation of JSP's Java code as servlets.
Jasper is capable of background compilation, which means if any changes are made to JSP files, then the older versions of those JSP files are still retained by the server, until the updated JSP files are recompiled.
Catalina
Catalina is Tomcat's servlet container. Catalina makes Tomcat a Web Server for dynamic content.
Coyote
Coyote is the component that makes Tomcat capable as a HTTP Web Server. Coyote makes Catalina also act as a server that serves static content.
Installing Apache Tomcat on Ubuntu
To install Tomcat on Ubuntu, you could use command line interface and run the following command :
If you would like to install tomcat7 for some project related reasons, use tomcat7 instead of tomcat8 in the command.
Following are the useful locations that we may need in furthur steps :
- /etc/tomcat{X} for configuration
- /usr/share/tomcat{X} for runtime, called CATALINA_HOME
- /usr/share/tomcat{X}-root for webapps
You could check if the Tomcat server is running, by opening a browser and hitting the url http://localhost:8080/. Something similar to the following would be responded back with.
Start Apache Tomcat
Once you install Tomcat, it is started automatically.
In case if you have stopped it manually, and would like to start Apache Tomcat again, open a terminal and run the following command.
Restart Apache Tomcat
There could be scenarios, like you have updated your web-application, where you may need to restart Apache Tomcat for the server to pickup the changes.
To restart Apache Tomcat, Open a Terminal and run the following command.
Stop Apache Tomcat
To stop Apache Tomcat, Open a Terminal run the following command.
If you have installed tomat7, use tomcat7 instead of tomcat8 in the above command.
Deploying Static Web-Applications with Apache Tomcat
In the following sections, we shall learn to deploy static and web applications in tomcat.
Deploying Static Web-Applications with Apache Tomcat
To deploy static web application with Tomcat, all you need to do is copy your project folder to tomcat web-apps directory.
For Linux :
Now restart Tomcat for the changes to take effect.
Open a broswer, and hit the url, http://localhost:8080/StaticWebProject.
Deploying Dynamic Web-Applications with Apache Tomcat
.war is the format of the web application that Apache Tomcat Server could deploy. If you are building a web application using an IDE like Eclipse, you could export the application as a WAR file.
Conclusion
With these series of tutorials, we have learnt how to configure and work with Apache Tomcat.
Apache Tomcat (formerly known as Jakarta Tomcat) is an open-source web server developed by Apache to provide a Java HTTP server that allows you to easily run Java files.
Cisco IOS images for Dynamips GNS3 offers multiple ways to emulate IOS. For older images, we use and maintain Dynamips; an emulator dedicated to emulate some Cisco hardware. Dynamips can run unmodified IOS images. Download cisco ios images free. Download the IOS.bin image from Internet. To use a specific Cisco IOS image, firstly you should. Add Cisco IOS on GNS3 The first thing to do after installing the GNS3 network simulator program is to add a Cisco Router or Switch IOS image. If you don't have IOS images, you can download the related files from here. How to Add Cisco Router on GNS3?
This means that Tomcat is not a normal server similar to Apache or Nginx since its main purpose is to provide a good web environment for running Java applications that other web servers do not.
Apache Tomcat 9
Recently On February 2, 2021, Apache Tomcat reached version 10 (version 10.0.2), which is the first stable version of the 10.x.0 series.
There are a number of notable changes in version 10 of Apache Tomcat.
In this article, we will install Apache Tomcat 9 on RHEL / CentOS 7.0 / 6.x.
Steps To Install Apache Tomcat 10 On CentOS
- Java 8 installation and settings
- Install Apache Tomcat 10
- Apache Tomcat 10 settings
- Change Apache Tomcat port
Step 1: Java 8 installation and settings
Before you start installing Tomcat, be sure to install JAVA on your Linux to run Tomcat. Otherwise, install the latest version of Java 9 using yum command.
As soon as java is installed, you can check the version with the following command on your system.
java -version
Output sample:
Step 2: Install Apache Tomcat 9
After installing java on your system, it's time to download the latest version of Apache Tomcat (version 9.0.14), which is the latest stable version now. If you want to know the newer versions, it is recommended that you check the Apache download page.
Now download the latest version of Apache Tomcat 9 using the wget command and install it as below.
Tip: Replace the version in the above commands with the version you downloaded yourself.
Before starting the Tomcat service, define the CATALINA_HOME environmental variable in your system using the following command.
We can now set up a Tomcat web server using the script provided by the Tomcat package.
Apache Tomcat Server
Output sample:
Now open Tomcat from your browser. Use your IP or Domain with the 8080 port (because the tomcat always runs on the 8080 port). For example, mydomain.com:8080, which uses your IP or domain address instead of mydomain.com.
OR
The default directory for Tomcat files is located in usr/local/tomcat9/, You can see the configuration files in the conf folder. You see the above home page he home page when you open your website on port 8080 in the path /usr /local /tomcat9/webapps/ROOT/.
Step 3: Apache Tomcat 9 settings
By default, you will only be able to access the Tomcat default page. To access admin and other sections such as Server Status, App Manager, and Host Manager, you need to configure the user account for admin and administrators.
To do this, you need to edit the 'tomcat-users.xml' file located in the /usr/local/tomcat9/conf/ directory.
Set up User Accounts in Tomcat
For example, to assign the role of manager-gui to a user named linuxzone and the password t$cm1n1, add the following line to the config file inside the desired section.
vi /usr/local/tomcat9/conf/tomcat-users.xml
Similarly, you can also add the admin-gui role to an admin user named admin with the admin password as below.
Restart Tomcat after admin settings and management roles, and then try to access the admin section.
Then click the Server Status tab, you will be prompted to enter your username and password. Enter the username and password that you added to the configuration file above.
As soon as you enter the username and password, you will see a page similar to the one below.
Step 4: Change Apache Tomcat port
If you want to run Tomcat on a different port like Port 80, you must edit the server.xml file in the /usr/local/tomcat9/conf/ path. Before changing the port, make sure the Tomcat service is stopped using the following command.
Now open the server.xml file using the vi/vim editor.
Now search for Connector port and change its value from 8080 to 80 or whatever you want.
Run the following command to save the file and restart the Apache Tomcat service.
Your server is now running on port 80.
You must execute all of the above commands under the root user. If you are not a root user, they will not work because we are working in the /usr/local/ directory where the owner of this directory is the only root. If you want, you can run the server with a normal user, but you will have to use your HOME folder as a workspace to download, extract, and run the Apache Tomcat server.
To get some information about the running Tomcat server, run the following command.
Output sample:
Now you can use Java-based apps under Apache Tomcat 9
I hope you have enjoyed it and you find this tutorial useful.
Also, you can order for Linux VPS to run your configurations.
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